Diabetes and Endocrinology

The evolving role of the radiologist. Especially for symptomatic non-functioning parathyroid cysts, simple aspiration is a first-line procedure for diagnosis and treatment, while ethanol ablation is a subsequent treatment modality for recurrent cases.

The importance of sonography and sestamibi scintigraphy in the preoperative evaluation of patients with primary hyperthyroidism has increased with the adoption of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy techniques at most medical centers. When the results of these studies are concordant, the cure rates of minimally invasive surgery equal those of traditional bilateral neck exploration.

Previously, radiologists played a limited role in the treatment of parathyroid disease, primary focusing on the preoperative localization of parathyroid lesions responsible for hyperparathyroidism. But, the widespread use of high-resolution ultrasound has lead to the increasing detection of parathyroid incidentalomas (PTIs). Consequently, radiologists may be required to differentiate PTIs from thyroid lesions, which is most reliably accomplished through the fine needle aspiration-parathyroid hormone analysis. Various nonsurgical treatment modalities for hyperfunctioning parathyroid lesions have been developed with some efficacy. Especially for symptomatic nonfunctioning parathyroid cysts, simple aspiration is a first-line procedure for diagnosis and treatment, while ethanol ablation is a subsequent treatment modality for recurrent cases. long-standing disease and poor blood glucose control, and who take insulin have the major fracture risk. The onset of type 1 diabetes typically occurs at the younger age when bone mass is still increasing. It is possible that people with type 1 diabetes achieve lower peak bone mass, the highest strength.

The parathyroid glands are endocrine glands located in the visceral space of the neck. They produce parathyroid hormone, which controls calcium homeostasis.

The parathyroid glands can have a variable location (from carotid bifurcation to anterior mediastinum) but are usually in close relation to the thyroid gland, in the region of the tracheo-esophageal groove